Different Interpretations of Key speeches from Othello and Iago in Act 1, scene 3 Essays

Different Interpretations of Key speeches from Othello and Iago in Act 1, scene 3 Essays Different Interpretations of Key speeches from Othello and Iago in Act 1, scene 3 Paper Different Interpretations of Key speeches from Othello and Iago in Act 1, scene 3 Paper From just one set of words many different interpretations can be made, whether you look at it contextually or whether you look at those words in a different mood. Every different person will come up with a different interpretation, just as Burge, Nunn and Miller have done and produced film versions of Othello, playing particular interest in the way they direct this scene. Language always has a hidden meaning, especially in Shakespeare and one word can be interpreted in many different ways. Othello is a military man, of high status in society, although he is black. His social status and his want, in my opinion, to know as much as he can and his pride makes him a perfect character for a Shakespearian tragedy. So from the very beginning of the play it is apparent that Othello is the hero in this play and that in some way he is going to be manipulated by someone and slowly deteriorate. We can assume this from the beginning as from each interpretation I have seen the music at the beginning is of a deep done, usually of bells chiming, almost like the sound of death. However Iago is the manipulative, sly man who we know is going to be there be because this is a Shakespearian play. He is clearly jealous of Othello and believes he should be in a better position than he is because of the line, know my price. He is a very persuasive man, which we see a great deal of in his speech, put money in they purse Iago is constantly telling people what to do then making up reasons why to persuade them. Also literary techniques are used to try and persuade people too, such as the power of three. Put money in they purse is repeated three times, stressing its importance, almost persuading the reader to believe him. This is also an example of dramatic irony as the audience know what kind of a man Iago is by him secretive motives, such as the line, monstrous birth to the worlds light. Suggesting he wants to complete his ideas and make them work. My interpretation of Othellos speech is that he is very confident and sure of himself, as the language used is persuasive and not weak meaningless words. It is almost like it is a rehearsed speech as every pause and every line seems to be perfectly considered. Because of this I believe it makes Othello look very arrogant and sound like he doesnt care for Desdemona, the only care he has it that he has won her. If you were sincerely sorry you would say so, not the line, her father loved me, oft invited me, which suggests that this is all Brabantios fault. This line in particular suggests to me that Othello is quite an arrogant man, so sure of himself that there is nothing wrong with what he has done. Iagos speech suggests to different things in my opinion; when he is talking to other people he is very manipulative and persuasive in getting what he wants. To do this he uses emotive language and rhetorical questions such as, Drown Thyself? This is a technique used to persuade and encourage a person to think and agree with you, which shows quite a sly manner. However when he is on his own he shows a deeply concentrating person, who is thinking about their deepest darkest thoughts. With words such as hell and monstrous and hate suggests very strong feelings of anger and in my opinion shows evil. Also rhetorical questions to himself such as, how? How? Show how he is questioning himself and his motives, but he I believe is questioning himself to assure himself he is powerful enough to do such things. As a director Burge I believe tried to show you both speeches as symbols of power. Othello was portrayed standing tall, in the middle of a circle with a slow pace of talking to show the power he has. His speech is controlled, he shows no emotion and he laughs occasionally. I believe this is to show how arrogant Othello is and how he appears to not care at all for Desdemona, as he is not trying in any way to please Brabantio, he laughs as him! Also symbolically he looks up when talking about battles he has fought, almost as if he has a link with the heavens because he has done this, and the line hills whose heads touch heaven. The description of the mountain is personified possibly to mean that this is a description of him, again showing how much power he has as a mountain is a breathtaking view! Burge here has also made Othello look more important by making Brabantio and the senators look stupid because there is a sense of irony from Othello when witchcraft is mentioned, he laughs! This undermines Brabantio and shows clearly the strong mind of Othello at this point in the play. Burge shows Iago as overpowering as he has a very loud tone of voice, he is very persuasive. The camera angle used is close up on his carefully showing his facial expressions and his sly smile which is almost permanently on his face. However there is again this shift of behaviour between when he is on his own and when he is with others, because as soon as he is on his own, his movements become twitchier, almost like he doesnt like the depth at which he is thinking at. He argues with himself as well which suggests he doesnt like what he is doing, I havet this is him just justifying himself to himself! The close camera angle shows the real hatred in his eyes when he says, I hate the moor which really emphasises this idea of hatred and the balance of power. Finally there is a sense of dramatic irony because as the audience we know something is going to go wrong so by him thinking about his motives this is a sense of dramatic irony. Cassios a proper man This is ironic as the audience know what Iago thinks of Cassio, however he says this n a way that implies that it is going to be different to harm the reputation of Cassio, almost as if Cassio presents a problem. Nunns version shows a totally different side to Othello but a similar view on Iago. Othello is portrayed as a loyal, kind man who has social status and responsibility. He has a deep military voice and stands up to address the senators in a military way. Potent, grave shows how seriously he is taking the allegations very seriously and his facial expressions show how upset Othello is that people think he has hurt Desdemona. He reflects on what Brabantio used to think of him and leans over the table where the senators are to draw them in. Nunn does this again to show the power Othello has. Nunn shows Iago to be overpowering again by giving him a brawn voice. But when he is in his soliloquy he is fidgeting and breathing heavily, to add to this atmosphere how he sits at the table causes a shadow to fall over his face showing this kind of evil vs. reality idea. His true thoughts are so strong he is unable to sit still and this difference is shown clearly through the use of movement. This use of separation in the soliloquy is a dramatic technique to show the reader the true motives of Iago and the way he thinks. This was very effectively done by the twitching during his soliloquy. Miller takes a very different approach to these scenes, a very comical one. Othello and Iago are shown as the best of friends, helping each other and talking to each other not about each other. Miller presents Othello as a man who isnt concerned about the thoughts of others and a proud man who cares for Desdemona. He shows this because Othello talks calmly and from experience, almost like his just telling his story, which shows confidence. He smiles when he talks about Desdemona and is unafraid of what people think of him, which suggests a genuine man. Iago has a cockney accent making up perhaps for the fact that he is seen to be more equal to Othello, the cockney accent suggests, especially when in contrast to Roderigo, that he has less social status. This is a different way of showing that Iago is of less importance to Othello. There is a lot of emphasis on the questions he asks people, such as, Thou art sure of me? This question shows just how persuasive Iago can be. This a technique used to manipulating people. The way that Miller has Iago laugh in an evil way when he talks alone about Roderigo is a good way of showing how Iago is a darker character in the play. He doesnt care how he hurts the more he just wants to. In conclusion all of these interpretations use different dramatic techniques to convey a meaning, which is the difference between the characters of Othello and Iago. Each director plays each character differently and therefore shows a different interpretation to the statuses of these men in the play. All the techniques used are for film use and therefore may be harder to do if acted on stage, but through the use of emphasis on key language it is also possible to convey different meanings using this technique.

How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language

How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language How to Avoid Sexist or Gendered Language It was once, as James Brown sang, a man’s world. But things have changed. Women have fought against discrimination and taken their rightful place in politics, academia, business, and many other areas of life. But old attitudes live on in language. As such, we have to be careful about our word choice so that we don’t accidentally exclude or insult anyone based on sexist or gendered language. Here are some things to watch out for. Misogynistic Language It should hopefully go without saying, but some terms are inherently sexist. It would be unusual to use these in academic or formal writing, so we won’t dwell on them for too long. But in case you’re not sure, referring to Boudica as â€Å"some old hag who fought the Romans† will not win you high marks for a history essay. And not just because it’s too informal. Not a lady to mess with unless you like being run down in a chariot. Now we’ve got that out of the way, let’s look at some trickier cases of sexist and gendered language, including pronouns and generalizations. Gendered Pronouns and Words The most common problem we see, especially in academic writing, is use of gendered language. Pronouns are a great example, since the male pronouns â€Å"he† and â€Å"his† were often used to refer to any non-specific person in the past. As such, you might find sentences like this in older books: How someone solves a problem may depend on his past experience. However, the author is not discussing an actual, specific man in this case. They are just referring to a person in general, so using â€Å"his† excludes anyone who doesn’t identify as a â€Å"he.† It would be better, then, to use â€Å"his or her,† the singular â€Å"they,† or plural terms: How people solve problems may depend on their past experiences. In this sentence, we avoid gendered language, making it more inclusive. Similar problems pop up with other terms, especially those that include the word â€Å"man.† Usually, these can be avoided by picking a different word. Instead of â€Å"policeman,† for example, you could say â€Å"police officer.† And instead of â€Å"mankind,† you could say â€Å"humanity.† This doesn’t work for every word, though! The term â€Å"manhole,† for example, is still widely used. You can call it a personhole if you like, but we dont recommend it. Subtly Sexist or Gendered Language Similar issues can arise with how we describe people of different genders. A classic example is the word â€Å"bossy,† which tends to be applied to women more than men (who are instead more usually described as â€Å"assertive†). It can be a good idea, then, to think about the descriptive terms we use when writing about people. Ask yourself, â€Å"Would I use this word if the person was a different gender?† This will help you catch subtly sexist or gendered language that you might not usually be conscious of using. Avoiding Generalizations As well as being careful about picking your words, take care not to make hasty generalizations based on sex or gender. These could be sweeping statements about a whole gender (e.g., â€Å"All men are lazy†). But they can also be stated less clearly. For instance, we might say the following of someone: Despite being a man, Daniel is not lazy. In this case, the main clause â€Å"Daniel is not lazy† is fine. But by framing it in terms of â€Å"being a man,† we imply that all (or most) men are lazy. Likewise, look out for positive stereotypes, such as: Rachel will be a good instructor because women are naturally nurturing. Here, the idea of women being â€Å"nurturing† is presented as a positive. But the idea of women as â€Å"maternal† or â€Å"nurturing† may imply other negative stereotypes (e.g., that women can’t be tough or logical). As such, we should avoid such generalizations even if they’re meant to be positive! It is much better in most cases to discuss people as individuals than representatives of a gender. And if you need any help coming up with alternatives to gendered language in your writing, it never hurts to have a professional proofreader check your documents.

Why Do Wars Happen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why Do Wars Happen - Essay Example Adopting the framework of Henry Nau, the basic insights offered to understand why wars and peace can happen are the realist, liberalist, and identity perspectives (Humphreys, 180). The class lectures of our course heavily used the book of Henry Nau and, thus, this discussion heavily used the lecture materials. The realist perspective holds that states must protect themselves and that the best protection will be found wherein states balance each other, meaning that no state is in a position to bully the other states because all states have the capability to subvert a bully either alone or with allies (Lecture 3, Slide 2). However, holding the other states in check so that no one would be in a position to bully or conquer another, require that states must arm themselves (Lecture 3, Slide 3). In addition, states will be unable to tap allies if they themselves are not armed (Lecture 3, Slide 3). For realists, transitional peace is possible if countries disarm. Yet, if a country disarms a nd others do not, the country that disarmed will not be in a position to defend herself. The country will be vulnerable to attacks and will be vulnerable to being conquered by the country that did not disarm. If on the other hand, all countries arm themselves to the teeth, a situation is created wherein a war scenario or an armed standoff can emerge (Lecture 3, Slide 6). This means there is a potential for war with an armed standoff (Lecture 3, Slide 6). There is a dilemma: if a country does not arm, she risks being bullied or conquered. If a country arms, she will risk a war or an armed standoff (Lecture 3, Slide 6). For a realist, countries will usually consider subjugation unacceptable. On the other hand, a country can consider peace to be too fragile and vulnerable to become a situation in which one country could re-arm to conquer the other. Thus, for realists, the â€Å"realistic† or appropriate situation to target is a situation of stand-off or parity of power (Lecture 3, Slide 6). On the same dilemma and situation confronted by realists, liberalists or liberalism holds that peace remains possible if institutions are created to make negotiations work better (Lecture 4, Slide 2). Liberalism argues that peace can be enforced if countries or states unite to punish states that fail to disarm (Lecture 4, Slide 2). Liberalists hold that another route towards peace is available if states who are disarming implement the disarmament by stages wherein participants to the disarmament observe each other (Lecture 4, Slide 3). Each country can implement the disarmament proportionate to the goodwill or initiative of each other (Lecture 4, Slide 3). A country can also reduce her arms in a manner calculated to inspire reciprocation from other countries to reduce their arms. In doing so, all countries in a disarmament program can reduce arms until the disarmament becomes full and complete (Lecture 4, Slide 4). A country can initiate goodwill reducing arms in the ex pectation that other countries will reciprocate the goodwill by implementing a proportionate disarmament. In the liberalist perspective or liberalism, institutions play an important role in the disarmament process because they can serve as third parties that can help countries involved in the disarmament (Lecture 4, Slide 4). The forerunner of the United Nations, for example, the League of Nations provided a mechanism whereby countries involved in international disputes are able to submit their dispute to the league for arbitration (Lecture 4, Slide 4). If the league finds or has come to believe or has deemed that a country is guilty of aggression, the league can enforce peace by imposing economic blockade or sanctions against the assumed aggressor (Lecture 4, Slide

Moral Dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Dilemma - Assignment Example However, I may decide to keep quite as well since the money was for a good cause. Moral dilemma is when an individual is in a situation where their values and beliefs are tested. In addition, it is the act of not knowing what to do in a conflict between two or more actions and have moral reasons for choosing the actions. It becomes difficult, as an individual is required to choose one action, as one cannot perform all the actions. In addition, someone must suffer no matter what decision an individual makes. According to the scholars, moral dilemma is a situation in which an individual faces a conflict between doing the right thing and the quality of work produced. In many cases, these dilemmas involve a morally wrong decision whose results are desirable, or vice versa. Sometimes, an individual may be forced to make a decision between two good things. Ethical dilemma is part of a philosophy that deals with right and wrong. These are rules and regulations accepted and recognized by a certain group or culture. On the other hand, rule of law is the set of enforced rules that govern a society. They are created through legislation or by judges’ opinions. The rules define people’s rights and obligations and the disciplinary measures to be taken when an individual violates the rules (Daft, 2013). I once read this article about a company that dealt with beauty products in the new times magazine. Miller and Klaus is one of the companies that manufacture, and distribute beauty products. For many years, the company has been successful in ensuring that customer’s needs are met. Phyllis an employee, who did research on the beauty products, noticed that the company did not disclose some of the vital information in the chemical composition of a certain shampoo that would be harmful to people whose skin reacts on PH value less than 5 value of an acidic solution. After some customers were hospitalized due to the usage of the shampoo, Phyllis

Management of technology Essay Example for Free

Management of technology Essay Explain the term â€Å"Technofact. † How can it be used to define Technology, and Management of Technology? Explain the value and advantage of the term Technofact, compared to other definitions and common agreement about technology. Explain the weaknesses, missing elements, and contradictions in this term. Technofact is a reproducible object created by humans. By reproducible I refer to any product (tangible or virtual) of which the intention of its human creator was to make more of exactly the same, using the same methodology. Once weve defined technofact, we are able to focus the term technology around this entity, and to define it as the capability of creating technofacts (or the human capability of creating reproducible objects). Technology is not the technical object itself but rather the capability of creating it over on over again. Other fields of science concentrate on understanding and gathering knowledge around the entity that is in the center of the science in question while the technology â€Å"science† is a capability, which is more than merely an understanding. On top of the knowledge gathered, the term encapsulates the creation itself, the know-how. The different aspects of the means to establish that capability ought to be coordinated and managed, thus, management of technology can only be defined if we separate the term technology from the objects, the technofacts, as one can not manage objects. Most of the traditional definitions of the term technology are either inaccurate or too broad. Inaccurate when the definition refer to objects (tools, products) as the technology itself. Too broad when the definition refer to any human activity (van Wyk), which might include forms of art that can not be considered as a technology. Another broad approach can be found in definitions that consider any nature manipulation as a technology (is navigation by stars a technology? ). There are three cases in which I find difficulty with the term technofact as the central entity that technology deals with: 1. When the product has an inherited random element: Consider a computer program that creates random melodies (or drawings) pleasant to the human ear (or eye), based on some mathematical rules. The program itself is obviously a virtual technofact, but are the new melodies or drawings created by it can also be considered technofacts? Obviously, they are being created over and over again using the same technology, but each time the program produces something different. 2. When the product is a natural object or resource: For example in agriculture. Carrots cannot be considered technofacts, but there is obviously a technology to grow carrots. The tools which are used in the process (a plow or a combine) are technofacts, which farmers use to produce the crop itself, but they are not the reproducible product the technology deals with. Another examples can be mining technologies. The end product is the extracted material, which can not be considered a technofact. 3. When the product is an action: For example, the capability to lift heavy weights. A crane is a technofact, but it is not the reproducible object this specific technology enable to reproduce. The reproducible object in this case is not an object but rather an action. What is a â€Å"Technology-Based Organization†? Give an example for a TBO and non-TBO. Can a company be a TBO for a limited time? Explain and give an example. A technology based organization is an organization that uses technology to create economic value or to create a competitive business advantage over other competing organizations. The organization can be continuously pursuing technological improvements, manufacturing technofacts or both. This kind of an organization will be perpetually considered a TBO. On the other hand a non-TBO organization can become one for a limited time, if it incorporates a new technology to improve its processes, thus creating an advantage over its competitors. During the process of assimilating the technology and the time that takes other players to use the same technology, a non-TBO organization can be considered a TBO, as it creates economic value using technology. Consider an imaginary traditional dairy that used to produce milk in the old milking fashion, using the farmers hands and a big nice bucket. At some point the farmer decided to acquire a milking machine from his engineer friend that had recently established a milking equipment factory using his own inventions. The farmer installed the machine in his farm and taught his kid how to use it, so he can peacefully retire. During the next couple of years, the farmers kid gained an advantage over his neighbor farmers, bought more cows, made a small fortune and established a new dairy company (which he called after his dad). Few years later, after all the other farmers had done the same, the farmers kid decided to install digital thermometers in the dairy (acquired from the very same milking equipment factory), and became the leading milk provider to the entire region, with the reputation of having the freshest milk around. Again, achieving an economic advantage using new technology. This dairy had become a TBO for short periods of time during its existence, while the milking equipment factory that had invented and manufactured the machinery was a TBO throughout the years. Explain the term â€Å"White Spaces† in the context of technological innovation. How could this term be used in an organization to help planning and decision making about innovation? White spaces are the two optional gaps between technologies and applications. The first gap exists when there is a need in the market but no solution to match it. The second gap takes place when there is a technology out there that has the capability to produce a technofact that no one knows what to do with. A technofact that did not yet find the â€Å"ultimate product† it enables (where theres a way but there is no â€Å"will†). Innovative organization can either fill up the first gap by pursuing new technologies to match the unanswered market needs, or they can focus their efforts around understanding the potential of existing technologies and to use them to develop new groundbreaking applications. Outlines the dangers and risks associated with rapid technological development to society and individuals. Are you pessimistic or optimistic about it? What can and should we do as a society and as individuals to benefit from technology and avoid the risks. The dangers and risks that rapid emerging technologies incorporate can come in many ways, shapes and forms according to the technology domain. From the lose of privacy through health jeopardizing, moral issues and mass destruction weapons, they all have one thing in common – the rate of the technology adoption and development has become faster than the rate of the ability to comprehensively understanding its implications. Successful technologies are spreading swiftly, acquiring life of their own and â€Å"forcing† people to use them in order to survive in the modern society. Even if a certain individual decides to rebel and not to use a specific technology directly, it still might change the environment this person lives in, to affect and endanger im just the same (e. g. cellular phones). The lose of freedom inflicted by some technologies is a big price of its own that society and individuals have to pay. History tells us that panic from new technologies had always existed, and we are probably experiencing the same unjustified fear of the unknown that the car inflicted on society a hundred years ago. But the problem with history is that it can only explain the past, while the present is unlike anything humanity imagined before. I dont believe that governmental regulations aiming to restrain technology can work in the long run, but in order to control at least some of the risks, governments should cooperate globally on some issues to regulate technologies similar to the way new medicines and drugs are treated. As individuals, we must take responsibility for our health and moral values, to deal with it at all times among ourselves, to be aware of the risks we are taking and not to become blind addicts for anything new. Still, Im pessimistic as for the capability of mankind to do that and overcome its basic selfish nature.

Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Friend Georganna's admirers--and that's everyone who knew her--savor the mile we walked with her. Each of us has special incidents we want to recount. We have compiled a few of these memories that we believe best illustrate the unique personality of our dynamic friend. Georganna was always determined, sometimes outraged, but rarely sad. Enjoy these stories. As long as we have them in our hearts, we have George. At the Team Spirit Leadership Conference George roomed with Heather, Tatum and Erica. She was always the First one up--usually by 4:00a.m. BUT she was always the LAST one ready! On the French Trip to Louisiana George slept in those teal green, silk pajamas whiles everyone else slept in shorts or sweats! But that was George. She dressed up for school every day like she was going off to New York. Shawn always said George was in a time warp because he was wearing clothes from another generation! George was the "Debate Queen"--that's what everyone called her. On the bus trip to Louisiana George climbed over the seats to view her opinion on at least five different issues! She would never back down. When George started to go off about an issue during class or on the weekend, Ryan, Shawn, and all the guys would hiss (like the wind was blowing). Georganna would just roll her eyes at them and smile. Georganna loved to read. Everyone always teased her about those "smut" novels! She could read a different one every day. During Flag Core practice Georganna's freshman year, Katrina accidentally hit Georganna on the head with her flag--but Georganna really got upset and chased Katrina around the entire school with the flag pole! Georganna loved chocolate--and she'd get sooo hyper when she ate it! Taco Bell was also her favorite. She could be found there every weekend with different friends. Kenny Samples was bored one day and went through George's purse. He bit her drivers license and credit cards and actually left teeth marks on them. George often showed them to her friends and laughed about it. One night Tatum, Kristie, Daren, Micah, and George went on a yard-rolling spree. Amanda pulled into her driveway as they were rolling her yard. They were running off and George started picking up the rolls of toilet paper. She said, "We might can use them later!" She had also insisted on color coordinating the paper before it was bought! Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Friend Georganna's admirers--and that's everyone who knew her--savor the mile we walked with her. Each of us has special incidents we want to recount. We have compiled a few of these memories that we believe best illustrate the unique personality of our dynamic friend. Georganna was always determined, sometimes outraged, but rarely sad. Enjoy these stories. As long as we have them in our hearts, we have George. At the Team Spirit Leadership Conference George roomed with Heather, Tatum and Erica. She was always the First one up--usually by 4:00a.m. BUT she was always the LAST one ready! On the French Trip to Louisiana George slept in those teal green, silk pajamas whiles everyone else slept in shorts or sweats! But that was George. She dressed up for school every day like she was going off to New York. Shawn always said George was in a time warp because he was wearing clothes from another generation! George was the "Debate Queen"--that's what everyone called her. On the bus trip to Louisiana George climbed over the seats to view her opinion on at least five different issues! She would never back down. When George started to go off about an issue during class or on the weekend, Ryan, Shawn, and all the guys would hiss (like the wind was blowing). Georganna would just roll her eyes at them and smile. Georganna loved to read. Everyone always teased her about those "smut" novels! She could read a different one every day. During Flag Core practice Georganna's freshman year, Katrina accidentally hit Georganna on the head with her flag--but Georganna really got upset and chased Katrina around the entire school with the flag pole! Georganna loved chocolate--and she'd get sooo hyper when she ate it! Taco Bell was also her favorite. She could be found there every weekend with different friends. Kenny Samples was bored one day and went through George's purse. He bit her drivers license and credit cards and actually left teeth marks on them. George often showed them to her friends and laughed about it. One night Tatum, Kristie, Daren, Micah, and George went on a yard-rolling spree. Amanda pulled into her driveway as they were rolling her yard. They were running off and George started picking up the rolls of toilet paper. She said, "We might can use them later!" She had also insisted on color coordinating the paper before it was bought!

Do Young People Today Make Good Use of Their Leisure Time? Essay

Leisure time can be well spent in many different ways. One popular option among the young is playing video games and watching television. While other activities like sports,social gathering and reading are available to them,many people feel that they spend too much time on these indoor games and screens and prefer them to be more active. In this essay,I will discuss my view on the issue to get positive results out of free time. Nowadays, younger generation has greater choices of leisure facilities than previous one. Among such facilities are television and video games. Some social experts and families are concerned about health of teenage overindulge on these activities. This is supported by some reports that sitting too long in front of television could lead to problems of eyes and back. On the other hand, some medical experts believe that some video games can improve the dexterity of the player and this could help his or her future career like operating doctor or pilot. In addition, watching television keeps young audience inform about what happens around locally as well as globally. That would enhance teenagers’ inquisitive mind and encourage them to keep eyes on challenging local and international issues. While such benefit is welcomed, there also are dangers of exposing them to violence, crimes and explicit scenes on some television series which can have negative impact on younger personalities. Alternatively, there are many activities which have positive results in term of social, physical and educational values. For example, walking, jogging and trekking in a recreational park improve their physical strength and give an opportunity to observe nature and environment. Furthermore, spending time with family, relatives and friends outdoor enriches their social lives. As a result, they would be more interactive and responsible socially. Finally, one could simply be entertained by reading at home or playing some music. In conclusion, how much time should we spend on each activity during extra time is debatable. Each has its own merit so long as individual does not involve excessively. In my opinion, young and adult alike should choose sensibly on type of activity and time spent to get most benefits out of their free time.

How High School Sports Have Impacted My Life Essay

Participating in high school sports has been a positive and rewarding experience. There are so many benefits to being involved in sports. I have played baseball, basketball and golf and each one of these sports has taught me something about life, the world and myself in general. For example, when I played baseball, I learned the importance of teamwork. Baseball is a team sport and team members must learn to work together and support each other. Although I only played pitcher, I was part of the team and it felt good to belong. I was committed to doing my best and making my team proud. Basketball has been an equally rewarding sport. I was the captain of my basketball team and this experience helped me to develop my leadership skills. As the team captain I had to set a good example for the team members. It was important for me to maintain a positive attitude and try to keep the team motivated. I had to do my best so that the team members would also try their best. The leadership skills that I develop from being the captain of my basketball team will help me in my future career. I learned how to be responsible and how to make decisions and theses skills will always be useful. In addition, I also played golf. Although golf is not a team sport, it is beneficial to everyone who plays. Golf taught me to be able to focus for long periods of time. Golf also requires a lot of practice, so I had to be diligent with practice, and I became a more patient person because of golf. Golf is more than just a sport. It helps to improve thinking skills and the ability to plan. When playing golf I had to think carefully and be able to concentrate with people watching me. I had to make sure that I did not get distracted. Even though golf is a competition, many times I felt like I was only competing with myself. I mean, I just though about what I was trying to accomplish instead of worrying about what the other players were doing. The game of golf is like real life because we have to think about what we want as individuals and learn to focus on our lives. Sports have impacted my life in many positive ways. I learned self-discipline and the importance of making an effort. This has also helped me with my studies. I am an honor student and sports contributed to my ability to discipline myself and stay focused when studying. Sports have also helped me to stay in shape and exercise regularly. For all of these reasons I feel so lucky to have the opportunity to participate in sports.

Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia The WritePass Journal

Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia Abstract Microsoft strategic alliance with Nokia , p39). This was the first major step that the new CEO took. The unexpected cooperation with the Microsoft Corporation elicited several debates regarding Nokia as well as about the general smartphones market (Schwarzinger, 2012, p.53). The IDC (International Data Corporation), which is a company for market analysis, and monitors the smartphones market, predicted that the Windows Phones would become the second largest provider of software for smartphones globally (Grant, R 2010, p. 31). The analysis and prediction is based on the strategic alliance between Nokia and Microsoft Corporation. Combined with the projected growth in the sales of smartphones and the predictions given by the ICD, then why is it that there was negative action by the financial market when he news of the two giant companies collaborating came out? This is one of the questions that many financial analysts have been asking themselves. This paper examines the strategic alliance between the two giant companies by eva luating their external and internal environments. It will also examine three different growth strategies and then select the most appropriate one. External Analysis The Five Forces Framework of Nokia The present competition that Nokia is facing in the phone industry has greatly affected its market share. However, it still holds a considerable share of the market in the industry that is ever changing. The microenvironment is the internal factors that affect the customers, staff, competitors and the shareholders (Henry, 2008, p.24). The five forces model is the most appropriate for the evaluation of the microenvironment of Nokia as it takes into consideration the clients, suppliers, competitors as well as the new entrants. The power of suppliers: moderate Although the company relies on its suppliers to provide equipment, there are numerous large manufacturers of equipment that they can turn to (Baron, 2008, p53). Currently, Microsoft is the supplier of software for the company and they have a high bargaining power together. In addition, the company is in a good position to bargain as well as negotiate with any mobile phone hardware producer because there are a large number of the suppliers of equipment, which are readily and easily accessible should their current suppliers attempt to ask for more money with them. Moreover, the alliance with the Microsoft Corporation is regarded as a coup for Nokia and not Microsoft. The Microsoft Corporation may have more power in the negotiation of price along with the share as the pact is of more significance to Nokia that the Microsoft Corporation. The power of buyers: high The customers have an increasing power because of increasing variety of alternatives available in the sector of mobile telecommunication. Majority of Nokia’s competitors also offer the same packages and the sector is very sensitive to matters like the prices with clients seeking the best value for their money. Majority of the customers are also tied into the long-lasting contracts and thus having to change from one mobile phone to another is hard and costly for consumers. The sector has a very competitive market that has a variety of choices, which makes the customers to have much power as they can choose to go to the various competitors of Nokia if they are not contented with what the company is providing. The threat of new entrants: low The market of mobile phone is well-established and a lucrative one, and there is a relatively low threat of new entrants, as the technology that is needed to rival the devices that are already existing is very advanced. This is something that cannot be achieved easily by any company. The barriers to entry into the market are very high, as any potential new entrants need a lot of investment in marketing and technology so that they can be in a position of challenging the companied that are already established (Hill, et al, 2009, p.53). The threat of any potential new entrants is not probable as the initial cost that is required to enter the industry is very high and requires a lot of investment in time to be in a position of competing against the organizations that are already established. Currently, Nokia has a 29 percent of the entire global mobile telecommunications market and for any new entrant to get a little bit of their market needs a long-term scheming or even products that are highly innovative as compared to any other seen in the market (McGuigan, et al 2010, p. 41). For this to be possible, the new competitor needs very high investment for marketing and RD, in order to get positive result. The threat of substitutes: Very low It is beyond reasonable doubt that mobile phones are an everyday essential in human being’s lives presently and they would not find it easy to replace, as consumers will not be in a position of having constant contact when they are not near their houses, family members or even friends (Baron, 2008, p.53). Nonetheless, the consumers may make contacts with individuals through other forms of media like email address, home telephones and social networks. However, it will not be easy for people to keep in contact in their daily lives, as the forms of communication are not convenient. Contrary, smart phones come with several functions and specifications, meaning there are many substitutes offered that focus on just a single function. Presently, mobile phones are an everyday requirement in the lives of human beings because of the fundamental functions they are capable of performing and can all be found in a single handset. Only smart phones have the ability to make phone calls, send messages, and browse the internet in a single device. Another thing that makes them an extremely critical device to human beings is the fact that it enables them to communicate constantly and at any place. Thus, the threat of alternatives is very low because a mobile phone is not only for making calls or for sending messages but many some other functions. Without the mobile phones, people will find it very difficult to have a replacement, since it can provide a lot to them all in one device. People also rely on the mobile phones greatly and might not easily find an alternative that has the whole functions of a mobile handset. Competitive rivalry: low The competitors of Nokia turned to smartphones and androids early enough while Nokia delayed in releasing their first smart phones, and hence lagging behind competitors like Apple and HTC (Hahn, and Kibora, 2008, p. 12). Their strategic alliance with Microsoft, though offers some lifeline, still needs some time before catching up with the rest. There is high competition from big corporations like Blackberry, LG and Sony Erickson. The industry of mobile phone has very high rivalry and needs huge amounts of investment in marketing and the RB to be able to compete with the established companies (Stonehouse, et al, 2007, p.43). Nokia had a slow shift into the market of smartphone, and this has left them trailing their competitors. Therefore, there is extremely high competitive rivalry and the company needs to be alert of their rivals’ threat on their business especially with the Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry’s rising popularity. Competitive rivalry in the industry is the principal threat to the Nokia Company because they are seriously behind in the market of Smartphone and it really needs a lot of efforts to raise their market share. Internal Analysis SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most appropriate tool for the strategic planning analysis by companies’ management. It is a critical tool to the improvement of business because it embraced or followed the concept that success in the digital economy is the deployment of an incorporated value chain that extends beyond and across the business Saylor (McGuigan, et al 2010, p. 17). Nokia is a leading company in the mobile phones industry and its strategic alliance with Microsoft is expected to be a game changer. It is therefore important to look at the company’s internal environment. Strengths Grant (2010, p.55) says that Nokia currently enjoying more that 32 percent market share in the mobile phone industry, and this is expected to even increase following the new pact with Microsoft as they will be provided with operating system affordably and sufficiently. Both Nokia and Microsoft are well respected and trusted brands as they have been there since the start of the mobile phones and have been able to retain the trust of customers. Now in their association with Microsoft, they have regained strength in the market of smartphone, as it is a pact that has brought together two giants in their respective sectors. Having a strong brand name is an advantage since it enhances consistency; however, it is no secret that their brand name has had some wavering and now considered promotion of brand (Grant, 2010, p.43). The alliance between the two companies also means that Nokia has a secure and steady supplier market in Microsoft, where there will be enough time to concentrate on inno vation, production and marketing. The company has a strong internal R+D. Nokia became one of the first companies to the market despite not dominating the market of Smartphone, the company became one of the because of their exceptional R+D program. The new chief executive officer has brought some new ideas to the organization and influenced its entire image. Weaknesses Nokia has had its market share drop from the end of the last year in the industry of Smartphone. They have not been able to realize that Smartphones are a way of life amongst the users currently, with support software for the mobile phones that are very low. These are in the forms of applications, contrary to Blackberry and Apple that both have their individual App World. Nokia has an insight of only building phones that are brick shaped, which gives them lack of prestige in the present market of (Smartphonen, 2011, p.35). There are weak subdivisions in the company; they own as well as manage the Symbian but have abandoned it and instead gone for the windows 7, meaning than Symbian is now making losses (Saylor, 2012, p.54). Opportunities The corporation has the chance of developing their own version of the App store OVI, since their new mobile phones are being launched and hopefully accepted in the market. The company also has an opportunity of developing more products with the Microsoft Corporation and explores more opportunities that might come up from the deal. Diverse self-sufficient and valuable portfolio; Microsoft could also do diversification of their immense portfolio and dispose parts of it that is not profitable in the probable future. Threats If further loss of the share of market for Nokia continues being lost to the other big producers of Smartphones, they would actually consider withdrawal from the industry of Smartphones. The industry of mobile phones is not different from that of fashion with a quite quick turnaround. Nokia are investing lots of funds in trying to have a successful penetration into the market. By the time they succeed in doing so, the market could possibly have again shifted and had another serious breakthrough into another kind of mobile phone (Saylor, 2012, p.57). With the mobile phones software in the present day industry being as critical as the hardware, it is important that the Microsoft Corporation do not have excessive power as if the novel devices are a great success. It would not be good for the Nokia Company if Microsoft chose to raise their price on the pact or even walk out of it all together. Issues and challenges facing the company The challenges for Microsoft and Nokia alliance are overwhelming. Microsoft has still not been able to rise above the minuscule share of the market in the United States or even globally, even despite joining forces with Nokia. The Blackberry’s implosion was actually the best chance for Microsoft to get hold of its market share, but that did not happen. The company has to put in a lot of effort to carve out its niche in a world that has been dominated by the Android and iOS (Saylor, 2012, p.59). Missing apps The Windows Phone still has the same old problem despite now being with more Nokia; that is the lack of a sufficient app ecosystem (Donner, and Steenson, 2008, p.35). Microsoft is not getting anything from Nokia in terms of software that was not already in the Windows Phone. This is because the strongest mobile software asset of Nokia, which is its maps business, was not part of the agreement. After more than three years into the deal, Windows Phone still does not have table stakes apps as such like the native customers of Instgram and YouTube. The stance in the tablets is excessively bleaker. The Windows RT, which is the version designed for tablets specifically, is a very big flop and the Window 8 applied on tablets has not done any better in the market. The iPhone has successfully turned mobile phones, together with business mobile phones into a wholly consumer business (Saylor, 2012, p.70). This has an implication that the acquisition of Nokia has dragged the Microsoft Corporatio n into a sector that it should have avoided as much as possible. In other words, Microsoft is not a good consumer organization. Still it is not easy to see what the new CEO who has a good record of accomplishment in the companies he worked before has brought into the Nokia Company. The Xbox Problem The Xbox is a one consumer bright spot of Microsoft. Even without taking into account, the Xbox’s sunk cost and the fumbled Xbox One’s release, the segment of Devices and Entertainment is too small, particularly in the profit share that cannot make any significant difference (Goggin, 2011, p.23). With very little expectation for immense growth in the game console and set top box industry, the Xbox is going to make no difference for the company. Reinforce success Every business requires reinforcement and mobile phone industry is no exception. Another area of power or strength is the web services, especially those serving business and not the ones that are consumer-facing. Although Microsoft is behind Google in several aspects, it is much ahead of Apple, which usually appears as having very little idea about the web services as it is much into the devices (Saylor, 2012, p.73). This is something the two companies have not taken advantage of, and they might realize it a little bit late if the other companies have realized their shortcomings and countered them accordingly. Brand image For any business to be successful in the market, brand image must be at its best because it is what consumers will be looking for. This is because everyone wants to consume a product they are well familiar with. For the Nokia Company, its brand image has dwindles constantly to a great deal such that people are no longer comfortable buying and using its products. This is something that might make it difficult for them to regain their initial status as the leading mobile phone maker, despite alliance with Microsoft (Saylor, 2012, p.79). They might pump in a lot of money in an attempt to save the situation but may as well flop if proper marketing and investment in technology is not done to win back its customers. If things do not work out for the company as expected, then it will be a big loss for Microsoft as it entered into a partnership with a company that was already going down. Generation of Strategic growth options Every section of an organization is affected by a marketing strategy. It is all about the use of everything at the business’ disposal in creation of value for others. Customers are also included in this but workers as well as shareholders benefit. The marketing strategy’s major purpose is setting out the means by which the marketing objectives that are agreed are to be accomplished. One of the most appropriate ways to analyze the different strategies that can be used by an organization in growing the business is with the ANSOFF Matrix (Schwarzinger, 2012, p. 42). The model takes into account the opportunities of providing available and new products and services within the present and new markets together with the levels of risk that come with them. Below are possible three strategic options that can be employed by the company: Market penetration The aim of this strategy is selling products to a market that already exists. This has been proposed because Nokia has an already existing market even though it seems to be losing it at a higher rate. Market development This strategy refers to the completion of market development successfully (Hahn and Kibora, 2008). The method has been proposed because the Nokia Company appears to have lost touch with the huge client base that it enjoyed when it was performing still well. 5.3. Product development This section of the Ansoff matrix aims at being updated as regards the latest technology in the industry. The strategy has been proposed because the company appears to be lagging behind in terms of innovation, and this is where their competitors have fully taken advantage of to win the game (Kovvali, 2011, p.73). Evaluation of strategic growth options Market penetration The aim of this strategy is selling products to a market that already exists. Nokia has an already existing market even though it seems to be losing it at a higher rate. For the company to be able to achieve this, there are several things that needs to be done such as: changing the pricing plan; this should be done in a manner such that it is competitor or penetration based. Changing the pricing plan means that they will be reducing prices of their products in an attempt to attract more customers or even maintaining the existing ones. However, in doing so, the quality of the products must also be high as consumers do not only go for the price but they want to enjoy the value for their money. For the prices to be reduced as much as possible and to ensure sustainability, a lot of resources needs to be pumped in, which the company may also not be having, considering the financial crisis that it faced (Kovvali, 2011, p.63). Introduce discounting; the company can also introduce discountin g services whereby customers pay certain amount of money in buying a particular product or quantity. Starting up a different promotion campaign or considering changes on the present one; shifting from one campaign strategy to another or improving on the available one may also help the company in getting the message home, thus attracting more customers. 6.2. Market development This strategy refers to the completion of market development successfully. Nokia Company appears to have lost touch with the huge client base that it enjoyed when it was performing still well. The company has an option of penetrating or developing new markets that its products has not reached. This can be done through targeting a completely new client base and carrying out vigorous product promotions in order to attract them. Some other means through which this can be achieved is researching and selling the products to a different market segment in instances of poor market share and saturation (Kovvali, 2011, p.79). They can also change the periods that adverts are run on television and change the places in which the display of print adverts happen. This is the best way of ensuring that the products appeal to a completely new market. The company can also reduce the present prices of its products to help in attracting a wider range of clients. 6.3. Product development This section of the Ansoff matrix aims at being updated as regards the latest technology in the industry (Bull, 2007). The company appears to be lagging behind in terms of innovation, and this is where their competitors have fully taken advantage of to win the game. The mobile phone industry is just like fashion where trends come up each day and players in the market try to beat each other by being creative and innovation in an attempt to win the customers as much as possible. Companies like Samsung have rose to great heights due to their technological inventions and they are really doing well in the Smartphone market. They have been coming up with new applications that have been appealing to customers and that are why they are really selling (Kovvali, 2011, p. 34) Nokia should pump in a lot of cash and invest heavily in technology because it is the only way to succeed in the business. Description of selected strategy Product development The selected strategy for at Nokia is product development. Nearly everyone knows that this has been the biggest undoing of the company as they have not been able to keep up with the pace at which technology is growing. Just as said earlier, the mobile phone industry is just like fashion where trends come up each day and players in the market try to beat each other by being creative and innovation in an attempt to win the customers as much as possible. Therefore, the company has no option but to invest in technology if at all they are serious about regaining the lost market share. They should produce some high-tech products with a lot of features that fit specific market segment. With the strategic alliance with Microsoft, the company stands a good chance of recovering as this is an opportunity to get a source of finances that they require to keep up with the new technological development (Saylor, 2012, p.89). Microsoft is also known for its creativity and this alliance puts Nokia in a good position because they will be able to get the best operation systems that are updated to meet the current market requirements. Moreover, the alliance will enable the company to have a pool of new ideas as together two giants that have been leaders in their respective industries for several years. Conclusion It is no doubt that the alliance between Nokia and Microsoft is the best decision ever made by the management because it is a chance of recovering from the fall to try to catch up with the current industry leaders. Pundits see it as a major coup for Nokia, but Microsoft also stands to gain from the pact. Nokia should use this opportunity to venture fully into the Smartphone market by doing product development. They should invest heavily in technology and even employ more staff that can bring meaningful changes. The company has been doing well in the other growth strategies such as market penetration and market development, but has not been doing product development. From the evaluation of the growth strategies above, product development is the only one that has remained and it is the only way that the company can attempt so as to come closer to its competitors or even beat them in the market. The Smartphones market is still growing and there are several opportunities that are yet to be exploited and with Microsoft on board, it only needs proper strategies to conquer the market. However, if proper measures and strategies are not in place then the highly hyped alliance might as well be a waste of time and resources as other companies will continue steadily while Nokia continue to fall steadily. References Baron, N 2008, ‘Adjusting the Volume: Technology and Multitasking in Discourse Control’, in Katz, J. (Ed.) Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, pp.177-94 Baron, N 2008, Always on: Language in an Online and Mobile World,   Oxford University Press,   New York. Batson-Savage, T 2007, ‘†Hol Awn Mek a Answer Mi Cellular†: Sex, Sexuality and the Cellular Phone in Urban Jamaica’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, Vol.21, No.2, June, pp.239-52. Bull, M 2007, Sound Moves: Ipod Culture and Urban Experience, Routledge, London. Donner, J, and Steenson, M 2008, Beyond the Personal and Private: Modes of Mobile Phone Sharing in Urban India. In The Reconstruction of Space and Time: Mobile Communication Practices, edited by Scott Campbell and Rich Ling, 231–250. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Goggin, G 2011, Global Mobile Media, New York: Routledge. Grant, R 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Text Only. John Wiley and Sons. Hahn, H and Kibora, L 2008, The Domestication of the Mobile Phone: Oral Society and New ICT in Burkina Faso. Journal of Modern African Studes 46. Henry, A 2008, Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Hill C. et al 2009, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Cengage Learning. Kovvali, G 2011, Cell phones are as carcinogenic as coffee. Journal of Carcinogenesis 10 (1): 18. McGuigan, J. et al 2010, Managerial Economics. Cengage Learning. Roy, D, 2011, Strategic Foresight and Porters Five Forces: Towards a Synthesis. GRIN Verlag. Saylor, M 2012, The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. Schwarzinger, A 2012, Porters Five Forces Framework An Analysis of the Swiss TV-Broadcasting Industry. GRIN Verlag. Stonehouse, G. et al 2007, Global and Transnational Business: Strategy and Management. John Wiley and Sons.

APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing

APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing Whether youre writing your first high school term paper, or putting the finishing touches on your doctoral thesis, a great essay needs more than simply good ideas. For ease of reading and proper citations, you need to make sure that your writing is encapsulated in one of the standard forms. You should first better acquaint you with the two most popular writing styles for term papers todaythe APA and Chicago Manual of Style formats. Using Approved Styles for Citations One of the most important functions of both the APA Style and Chicago Manual of Style is citation creation. Few thoughts are wholly original, but youll want to make sure that any supporting materials you quote are properly cited. Failing to properly cite your sources amounts to plagiarism, which can ruin your academic career in a single instance. Remember the days of endless footnotes and bulky numbered lists of citations at the end of an academic paper? The beauty of these new formats is that you can make your citations in an easier way with little effort. Using parenthetical citations, you can quickly cite your source, and add publication information to a simple list of cited works at the papers end. Using Approved Styles for Standard Writing Whether you are a newspaper reporter, or simply are writing for an Internet publication, youll want to make certain that youre using the right style. How you and your company are perceived rests, in large part, in the quality of your writing. You will want to be sure your capitalization and punctuation is more than correctyoull want to make sure it meets the accepted standards. How do you find out what those standards are? Simply by using either the APA format or the Chicago Manual of Style format, you can align your writing to the most popular standards out there. Across the country, most newspapers use the Chicago Manual of Style as a measuring stick against which all their copy is compared. Academia has likewise embraced the APA style guide as standard, expecting its publications to adhere to its standards. What You Might Not Know about Modern Language Most of us consider ourselves good, solid writers. But how perfected is your style? Do you know when to capitalize technological terms, and when to double and single space quotations? How would you quote poetry, if you had to? Beyond these stylistic questions, you might also find you have questions on the finer points of grammar. The tragedy of modern day education is that while you are certainly expected to use correct grammar, many public institutions no longer teach grammar and usage heavily. Many writers no longer know when to use who or whom, and few could tell you exactly when to use a semi-colon over a comma. These basic grammatical points, when overlooked, can make your writing look sloppy and juvenile. How to Perfect Your Writing Maybe youre looking for APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing Resources. But sometimes the information contained in most of these resources is partial or incomplete. Do you have a specific question youre having trouble answering? Luckily, you can find solid, comprehensive APA and Chicago Manual of Style writing resources that cover all of your citation and style needs. Using the magic of technology, you can purchase APA format software or publication manual to use as a complete reference tool. Tighten your writing, and ensure the accuracy of business and academic papers by perfecting your style.

Unit 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5 - Assignment Example This enables the study not to depend on a specific method of collecting data. With such an approach, the researcher is in a position to concentrate on situations that are more complex, but still have the situation context taken into account. The alternative is the restrictive approach; the case study on a particular issue has to be restricted by an event, time, or a particular place. This ensures that the study is more specific and the qualitative topic remains relevant. This approach also gave room for a more extensive and detailed study. Empirical investigation allowed me to use several sources as evidence to support the study. By using this approach, my work achieved an understanding that is deeper and gave room for the triangulation of the several data collection methods I used. The approach indicates the possibility of various sources of data, hence need for triangulation (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). The data collection approach involved the sharing of sentiments allowing data to be collected through observation from participants, in-depth interviews, documentation reviews, and questionnaire reviews. This made the collection of data an easy process and thus most suitable for my case study. The mixed method approach involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative data while considering the study of a particular phenomenon. A mixed method design is a representation of both an intuitive and logical appeal, which offers a platform for doing away with the gap between quantitative and qualitative paradigms. A mixed method approach will include the strength of both these approaches while at the same time minimizing the weaknesses of the respective approaches (Sun, 2009) The mixed method approach helps the researchers to consider a more defined and wide range of questions for research so that they are not restricted to a particular approach. More so, by having